10x Genomics
Chromium Single Cell Gene Expression

Cell Ranger5.1, printed on 11/14/2024

Exploring Substructure

Goal: To find subgroups within broader cell types and larger clusters.

Loupe Browser allows you to create your own cell subgroups, both via expression filtering and by manual selection. We will use both techniques here to try to identify substructure within the B cells in the AML tutorial dataset, and see if there are genes that distinguish those subgroups.

Creating Subgroups by Expression Level

Let's return to the list of B cell markers (CD79A/CD79B). We know from before that those cells are in a general area within the t-SNE projection, but we want to create a subgroup of cells that are definitively CD79+. To do so, we will use the expression filter in the Gene/Feature Expression panel. By specifying a condition and numerical value, and pressing the Filter button, you will highlight the cells in your dataset that meet that criteria. The video below shows how we select all CD79a/b+ cells:

After filtering, you will be prompted to assign the cells to a new or existing cluster within a new or existing category. Type "B Cells" in the category field to create a new category, and "All Cells" in the Cluster field to create a new cluster. Click Save to assign the CD79+ cells to this new cluster. The Categories sidebar will reappear showing a legend of your new category.

Modifying Subgroups with Manual Selection

Clicking the Split View button reveals that the expression filter caught some cells from outside the main B cell cluster. For the purpose of this exercise, let's remove those cells from our B Cell "All Cells" group. Use the Lasso Selection tool from the toolbox, and select all the cells outside the main B cell cluster by dragging a shape around those cells, as shown below:

When the selection dialog pops up, choose "B Cells" as the category, but then press the 'Unassign from B Cells' button. This will unset the type of all these cells, effectively removing these cells from the B Cells category. Click the "Split View" button twice to refresh the new B Cell assignments.

By zooming into the "All Cells" cluster, we can visually identify three, possibly four distinct subgroups. Let's reuse the lasso selection tool to create new subgroups, this time assigning cells a new cluster within the B Cells category:

Finally, with all three groups selected, choose Locally Distinguishing option from the Significant Feature Comparison selector. This should run fairly quickly. If you select roughly the same groups as the demos above, you should see genes such as IGLL1 driving one cluster, CD37 driving another cluster, and SSR4 driving the third, smallest cluster. It looks like there is some substructure within the B cell population worth exploring here.

Let's continue exploring the B cells in this dataset. We can further subdivide these B cells into immature and mature B cells by using the filtering feature.